Grade 12
Management Perspectives	It is expected that students will: demonstrate understanding of the history of forest land ownership and management in British Columbia demonstrate awareness of a variety of perspectives on land claims identify past and present legislation affecting forest management and use differentiate between area-based and volume-based tenure analyse forest-related issues from a variety of perspectives critique integrated resource management in British Columbia describe a variety of careers in forest management
Forest Ecology	It is expected that students will: describe nutrient cycles and energy flow in forest ecosystems relate climatic factors to plant distribution describe forest succession identify uses of the Biogeoclimatic Ecosystem Classification in British Columbia
Soils	It is expected that students will: analyse the biotic and abiotic factors that influence forest soil development use a soil profile to identify soil horizons analyse the physical properties of soils assess practices that protect soils and minimize degradation
Resource Inventory	It is expected that students will: define inventory  identify a variety of resource inventories describe the reasons for sampling demonstrate awareness of the limitations of the application of sampling data describe the applications of timber inventory use measurement techniques and sampling procedures to collect inventory data demonstrate an ability to calculate tree volume and estimate stand volume apply information technology to inventory techniques and planning
Harvest Planning	It is expected that students will: describe the role of reconnaissance in planning demonstrate awareness of how legislation and policy affect harvest planning compare silvicultural systems assess how seasonal changes affect harvesting identify factors affecting road location and construction create an access plan analyse factors used to determine cutblock design and boundary location create a harvesting plan
Harvesting Operations and Site Preparation	It is expected that students will: identify a variety of harvesting operations describe how safety and fire regulations influence harvesting operations explain the purpose of site preparation describe the impact of a variety of harvesting and site preparation methods on regeneration demonstrate awareness of the role of silvics in the selection of a silviculture system
Reforestation	It is expected that students will: compare methods of regeneration describe seedling production in British Columbia describe how seedlings are stored, transported, and planted assess the importance of microsite selection in planting analyse factors affecting regeneration survival and growth demonstrate understanding of provenance in relation to reforestation
Stand-Tending	It is expected that students will: demonstrate understanding of the objectives of stand-tending analyse various stand-tending treatments and methods
Insects and Diseases	It is expected that students will: identify agents that have an impact on forest health identify the roles of various insects and diseases in forest ecosystems describe how forest management decisions are affected by insects and diseases assess forest health management methods
Fire Management	It is expected that students will: assess the role of fire in the forest ecosystem analyse causes of and prevention methods for forest fires identify factors that influence fire behaviour describe the social, economic, and ecological effects of fire suppression explain how prescribed burns can be used to achieve forest management objectives

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