Sample 1: Accounting 11
Topic:
The Accounting Cycle From Source Documents to Trial Balance
Prescribed Learning Outcomes:
Accounting Concepts
It is expected that students will:
- explain the relationships among assets, liabilities, and owner's equity
- describe the relationships among journals, ledgers, trial balances, and financial statements in the accounting cycle
- describe the relationship between debit and credit entries
- justify the use of accounts in business
Financial Data
It is expected that students will:
- differentiate between various source documents
- demonstrate skill in recording a variety of transactions in a general journal
- demonstrate proficiency in using the double-entry accounting system
- demonstrate proficiency in setting up and posting to a ledger
Presentation
It is expected that students will:
- demonstrate proficiency in preparing trial balances and financial statements from worksheets, both manually and electronically
Overview
The teacher developed a unit to allow students to explore the accounting cycle from source documents to trial balance. Evaluation was based on:
- maintenance of accounting records
- management of the process
- group work
Planning for Assessment and Evaluation
- The teacher provided each student with an accounting practice set that contained a beginning trial balance, a chart of accounts, vendor and customer data, 50 source documents, journal paper, ledger paper, and two-column paper for the trial balance.
- Students worked in teams of three to complete their practice sets. While the teacher asked each student to complete the set individually, team members were to provide support and to discuss the process and outcome of the experience.
- Each day, students responded to one or two reflective questions posed by the teacher. The teacher encouraged students to assist their team members as they worked. Students were expected to correct any errors they detected.
Defining the Criteria
Maintenance of Accounting Records
To what extent are students able to:
- analyse and record the transactions represented by each source document
- post from the journal to the ledger accounts
- prepare a trial balance
- locate errors
- record and post correcting entries
- prepare a final trial balance
Management of the Process
To what extent are students able to:
- organize and file source documents so that they can be quickly located
- establish a routine for journalizing and posting to ledger accounts
- explain and trace steps in the processes used
Group Work
To what extent are students able to:
- participate willingly and constructively in the group
- initiate, develop, and sustain interactions in the group
- contribute ideas and build on those of others
Assessing and Evaluating Student Performance
Maintenance of Accounting Records
Students' performance with respect to maintaining account records was evaluated using a rating scale.
Management of the Process
The teacher designed an observation guide to evaluate students' ability to manage their projects and maintain an organized approach to their work. Performance was evaluated using a rating scale.
Group Work
The teacher used the reference set Evaluating Group Communication Skills Across Curriculum to assess students' ability to work together in teams.
Maintenance of Accounting Records
| Rating | Criteria |
| Outstanding |
The student accurately analyses the transactions represented by each source document, records them in the journal, and posts to the appropriate accounts. The records are legible and accurate, and this is reflected in the trial balance. |
| Competent |
The student analyses the transactions represented by each source document and recognizes that equal debit and credit entries must be made. Errors may occur in selecting the appropriate accounts affected by a transaction. The records are legible, and the student is able to trace and correct any errors. |
| Unacceptable |
The student has difficulty in routinely analysing transactions to determine the appropriate debit and credit entries to be made. The journalizing and posting entries are illegible or incomplete. Errors are very difficult to trace. |
Management of the Process
| Criteria | Rating |
| Source Documents |
- handled in chronological order
- filed once entered
- notation made one entered
- can be retrieved upon request
| |
| Paper Handling |
- project materials organized at the end of each day
- student quickly picks up where he or she left off
| |
| Routine for Journalizing and Posting |
- uses cross-references to track work flow
- develops a systematic approach to posting
| |
| Understanding and Tracing Steps in the Processes |
- can explain how to record a transaction
- can trace the entries related to a source document
| |
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Maintained by: Business Education Coordinator
Revised: October 8, 1998
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