Appendix A - Learning Outcomes

Grade 12
Transformers (Mechanical Systems)	It is expected that students will: design and construct a device that alters force and explain where it could be applied within a system distinguish between ideal and actual mechanical advantage distinguish between efficiency and mechanical advantage determine the mechanical advantage and efficiency of: a wheel and axle a pulley system an inclined plane a belt-and-gear-driven system describe the three classes of levers and explain the advantage of each
Transformers (Fluid Systems)	It is expected that students will: construct a device that uses mechanical advantage in a fluid system calculate the mechanical advantage of a hydraulic jack describe how force can be amplified within a system describe how pressure can be amplified within a system
Transformers (Electrical Systems)	It is expected that students will: describe the operation of an electrical transformer describe the advantages and disadvantages of a core in a transformer describe the operation of an induction coil relate voltage in and voltage out to the number of windings in an electrical transformer determine input (primary) or output (secondary) voltage of a transformer, given the turn ratio determine input or output current for an ideal transformer, given the turn ratio describe situations that require step-up or step-down voltages explain why AC transmission systems are used rather than DC systems
Momentum (Linear Mechanical Systems)	It is expected that students will: describe linear momentum and factors affecting it describe impulse and factors affecting it describe the relationship between impulse and momentum explain the law of conservation of linear momentum describe how the concept of conservation of momentum applies to common situations identify systems in which the momentum of a fluid is used use the concept of conservation of linear momentum to analyse collisions in two dimensions and determine if kinetic energy is conserved
Momentum (Angular Mechanical Systems)	It is expected that students will: construct a device that uses angular momentum in its operation describe angular momentum and factors affecting it demonstrate understanding of the law of conservation of angular momentum relate angular momentum to angular impulse describe two-dimensional situations in which conservation of angular momentum is involved describe the vector nature of angular momentum describe systems that involve conversions between linear and angular momentum
Energy Conversion	It is expected that students will: construct a system that converts one form of energy to another construct a system that performs three consecutive energy conversions identify various forms of energy in common situations identify and describe devices that convert energy from one form to another determine the efficiency of an energy conversion system
Transducers (Mechanical/Fluid)	It is expected that students will: construct and calibrate a mechanical transducer or a fluid transducer describe the purpose of a transducer identify and describe common situations in which mechanical transducers are used demonstrate how a float can be used to measure fluid level calibrate and use an electrical strain gauge to measure applied force explain how a piezoelectric accelerometer is able to indicate motion identify and describe common situations in which fluid transducers are used describe how barometers, including Bourdon tubes, indicate pressure describe how a pitot tube indicates speed describe how an anemometer measures wind speed use calibration values to solve common problems involving mechanical and fluid transducers
Transducers (Electrical/Thermal)	It is expected that students will: construct and calibrate a thermal transducer or an electrical transducer identify and describe common situations in which electrical transducers are used identify and describe common situations in which thermal transducers are used explain how a moving coil meter works explain how a moving coil meter can be used as a multimeter describe the operation of a liquid-in-glass thermometer explain how thermistors, thermocouples, bimetallic strips, and platinum resistance thermometers indicate temperature use calibration values to solve common problems involving electrical and thermal transducers
Waves and Vibrations (Mechanical)	It is expected that students will: design and perform an experiment to measure the speed of sound classify wave types as either transverse or longitudinal define frequency, period, wave speed, wavelength, and amplitude use an oscilloscope to measure the period of a wave use the universal wave equation to determine wave speed, given frequency, period, and wavelength determine the period and frequency of a vibrating object explain the Doppler effect identify and describe several applications of waves and vibrations identify the effects of wave interference in a system relate natural frequency of an object to resonance determine the resonant frequency or frequencies of a system by experimental measurements identify methods of reducing vibrational motion in a system explain how sonic ranging can be used to determine position and relative speed of an object
Waves and Vibrations (Electromagnetic)	It is expected that students will: describe the characteristics of electromagnetic waves classify electromagnetic waves according to frequency explain the purpose of modulating a wave distinguish between AM and FM waves describe the relationship between the speed of electromagnetic waves and the transmission medium explain reflection and refraction explain diffraction determine the refractive index of several materials use Snell's law to determine the angle of refraction at an interface explain how light is transmitted through optic fibres describe the characteristics and uses of laser light explain how a gas laser works
Electricity and Magnetism (Circuits)	It is expected that students will: construct single and multi-load circuits from schematic diagrams design, construct, and calibrate an ammeter and a voltmeter construct a transformer construct a circuit using diodes to rectify an AC signal define voltage, current, resistance, and power measure current and voltage in multi-resistor DC circuits explain the function of a potentiometer in a circuit apply Kirchhoff's voltage and current laws to multi-resistor DC circuits use an oscilloscope to determine period, frequency, and voltage of an AC source use an oscilloscope to observe the effect of a diode in an AC current explain the operation of a ground fault interrupter demonstrate understanding of household circuits
Electricity and Magnetism (Motors)	It is expected that students will: construct a DC motor use the right-hand rule to determine magnetic field lines around a conductor use the right-hand rule to determine the magnetic field in a solenoid identify the parts of a DC electric motor describe the operation of an AC motor apply Lenz's law describe the operation of a generator compare the operation of an electric motor and a generator
Electricity and Magnetism (Capacitance)	It is expected that students will: build a timing circuit that uses capacitance define capacitance describe the role of a capacitor in simple circuits use an exponential equation to represent the charging and discharging cycle of a capacitor use the formula t = RC to determine the time constant of a capacitor in an RC circuit use an oscilloscope to measure the time constant of a charging and discharging capacitor identify several common applications of capacitors in circuitry calculate the equivalent capacitance in series and parallel combinations

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Last Modified: April 1, 1998.
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